Cai
Cài
Cai (蔡) originally referred to a type of tortoise used in divination or a place name. It symbolizes wisdom, longevity, and cultural tradition. The surname is strongly associated with scholarly and artistic achievements.
Population Ranking
#45
Estimated Over 4 million people
Geographic Distribution
Shandong, Zhejiang, Hebei
Five Element Attribute
Earth
stability, patience, and reliability
Origine & Histoire
The Cai surname originated from the ancient state of Cai during the Zhou Dynasty, located in present-day Henan province. It was founded by Cai Shu Du, younger brother of King Wu of Zhou, whose descendants adopted Cai as their surname after the state's destruction.
Surname Evolution
The Cai surname has deep roots in Chinese history, tracing back over 2,000 years. Originating from the ancient commandery regions, the Cai clan established itself as a distinguished family during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). Through centuries of migration and development, the Cai surname spread across China, with notable concentrations in Shangqiu area, Henan. The clan produced scholars, officials, and military leaders who contributed significantly to Chinese civilization throughout the Tang, Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties.
Commandery
Liangguo Commandery (梁国) — Modern-day Shangqiu area, Henan Province
Hall Title
报本堂 (Cai Clan)
Ancestral Hall
Cai Clan Ancestral Hall in Liangguo — A traditional clan hall preserving the genealogical records and cultural heritage of the Cai family. The hall serves as a gathering place for clan descendants during traditional festivals such as Qingming and Mid-Autumn Festival.
Clan Motto & Family Tradition
积善传家，诗礼继世 — Accumulating goodness passes through the family; poetry and ritual continue.
Personnes Célèbres Nommées Cai
Cai Lun (蔡伦) — Han Dynasty eunuch credited with inventing paper
Cai Xiang (蔡襄) — Song Dynasty calligrapher, poet, and official
Cai Yuanpei (蔡元培) — Influential educator and former president of Peking University